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馬哈蒂爾·本·穆罕默德 - 失敗的國家們

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發表 由 lung 周四 11月 24, 2011 1:17 pm

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發表 由 lung 周四 11月 24, 2011 1:17 pm

THE FAILED COUNTRIES 失敗的國家們

by Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad on Thursday, November 10, 2011 at 7:11pm

作者:馬哈蒂爾·本·穆罕默德

翻譯:Jen

註解:馬哈蒂爾是馬來西亞前總理。這篇文章來自其臉書(https://www.facebook.com/notes/dr-mahathir-bin-mohamad/the-failed-countries/10150392206827529),他闡述了過度高福利模式的危害性,認為美歐經濟危機的根源在於成本的高企和過度金融炒作導致實業的空心化。當前中國泡沫的高房價、當地政府實行最低工資的政策、2008年4萬億的經濟刺激計劃也帶動了生活成本的高企和通貨膨脹的發生,進而可能傳導到制造業。現在人民幣又面臨來自美國要求升值的壓力,是福是禍得看運氣。Good Luck,China!

失敗的國家們

1. 在美國的反恐戰爭的開始,布什總統將一些發展中國家歸類為失敗國家。

2. 我不知道布什是否認為一個國家像希臘,以其不負責任的財務管理而完全不能支付其債務的國家,是一個成功的國家。

3. 希臘債務不僅摧毀了該國,也拖累了所有歐洲國家。身無分文的希臘給歐盟帶來災難,可能導致歐盟金融崩潰。到目前為止,歐盟大的經濟體和金融頭腦們還沒有發現任何真正的解決辦法。相反,同樣的債務危機可能會蔓延到意大利,西班牙和葡萄牙。

4. 為什麽債務危機會發生在歐洲?為了找到答案之一,翻開歐洲經濟史,看看歐洲國家是如何變得如此富有。

5. 在歐洲帝國主義的那些日子裏,只有歐洲能夠利用工程和技術技能,將制成品出口到世界各地。

6. 他們能夠維持在工業和貿易的優勢,讓他們感覺安全;殖民地的廉價原料和圈養帝國市場,總是使他們受益。這些因素讓他們允許工資和利潤以螺旋狀上升。因此,他們的生活水準隨著其GDP和人均所得提高而水漲船高。他們將他們的國家歸類為發達國家。

7. 民主和社會主義使他們迫引進各種社會福利,迫使他們答應較少的工時和更多的報酬。他們推出的退休金計劃、帶薪休假和節假日、兩倍和四倍的加班工資、昂貴的醫療福利和失業救濟金。工人有組織工會和罷工的權利。這是措施原是防止剝削,但權利被濫用,導致薪酬和福利要求與被剝削無關。

8. 更高的報酬和福利的需求很快蔓延到高級別的職工,再到高管。所有人的獎金不再與公司所得的利潤掛鉤,變成支付每半年或每年的額外薪金。

9. 高層管理人員享受股票期權,獎金超過其年薪,汽車,房子和無數津貼,其中包括豐厚的風險金和離退金,即使他們失敗也會保證拿到。

10. 自然地,這些所作所為都將導致其所有的產品和服務變得非常昂貴。這樣也使生活的成本越來越高。工資和福利每隔一陣子就得進行修訂。隨著每一輪的工資和福利的增加,將增加的生活成本,而這反過來又越發導致增加工資和福利的要求。

11. 所有這些似乎可以無止盡地地循環下去,但東方的新興工業國家的出現,日本,其次是韓國,跟著是中國,他們的迅速的工業化和低成本高品質的產品幾乎將所有的西方制成品擠出百貨公司的貨架。

12. 受到降低標準的生活的威脅,他們創造了一種金融市場。無形產品被發明出來,讓人去賭運氣。他們或有錢人、精於此道的專家們賺得了相當數量的錢,而沒有將更多的資金投入在生產商品和提供服務的真實業務上。

13. 然後,他們變得更貪婪。他們開始創造金錢來資助他們的賭博。長話短說,最後泡沫破滅。他們失去了所有的錢。無法回去做真正的商業、生產商品和提供服務,他們就開始擺弄貨幣及銀行體系。

14. 他們挽救冰島和愛爾蘭成功了。但希臘很棘手。這個國家用借來的錢享受高生活。少工作,高工錢,更好的社會福利吃光了政府財政收入。不願面對憤怒的人民,政府用借債的辦法去填充財政國家預算的窟窿。由於無法支付債務,貸款人拒絕提供任何更多的貸款。

15. 其實國家開始破產,無可救藥。其破產將會導致歐洲銀行破產。這將給歐盟帶來災難性的後果。

16. 基本上上說,歐洲國家都失敗了。他們自稱是資本主義和民主的展示品,現在變成空心化,他們被迫向社會主義、不民主的中國尋求幫助。

17. 但一切努力都將失敗,除非他們承認,他們也像發展中國家,變成窮人。窮人必須活得像窮人樣。必須放棄他們的獎金、股權、福利、高待遇。在金融市場上的賭博,也必須停止。

18. 他們要回去工作,拿低工資,以生產商品和提供服務。他們必須賣掉自己的資產(希臘正試圖做到這一點)。

19. 印刷鈔票和填寫支票毫無幫助。他們必須承認他們已經失敗了,他們的信條、他們的系統已經失敗了。

20. 許多發展中國家都失敗了。但許多歐洲國家包括美國也都失敗了。(雙關,與第一節呼應,妙!)


lung 在 周四 11月 24, 2011 1:18 pm 作了第 1 次修改
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發表 由 lung 周四 11月 24, 2011 1:18 pm

原文:https://www.facebook.com/notes/dr-mahathir-bin-mohamad/the-failed-countries/10150392206827529

1. At the beginning of America’s war on terror, President Bush categorised several developing countries as failed countries.

2. I wonder whether Bush thinks a country like Greece, which is totally incapable of paying its debts after irresponsible financial management, is a successful country.

3. The debt of Greece has not only destroyed the country but it has dragged down all the European countries as well. Such is the disaster brought on by Greece’s impecunious ways that Europe is threatened with the possibility of financial collapse. So far the great economic and financial minds of Europe have not found any real solution. Instead there is the possibility that the failure would spread to Italy, Spain and Portugal.

4. Why has this happened to Europe? To find the answer one has to look into the European economic history, to look at how the European countries became so rich.

5. In the days of European imperialism, only Europe could make use of their engineering and technological skills to export manufactured goods to the rest of the world.

6. Feeling secure that they would be able to sustain this superiority in industry and trade and often benefitting from cheap raw material from their colonies and captive imperial markets, they allowed wages and profits to spiral up. Accordingly their GDP and per capita appeared to be high and they enjoyed ever higher standards of living. They classify their countries as developed.

7. Democracy and socialism forced the introduction of all kinds of social benefits. They acceded to demands for less work and more pay. They introduced pension schemes, paid leaves and holidays, double and quadruple pay for overtime, costly medical benefits and unemployment benefits. Very early workers were given the right to form unions and to strike. These were to prevent exploitation. But the rights were abused so that the remunerations and perks demanded had nothing to do with being exploited.

8. Soon the demand for higher remunerations and perks spread to the higher grades of workers and then to the executives. Bonuses for all were no longer related to profits made. They became actually delayed salaries, paid half-yearly or yearly.

9. The top executives were given stock options, bonuses exceeding their yearly pay, cars, houses and numerous allowances including golden handshakes even when they failed.

10. Naturally all these cause all their products and services to become very costly. With this comes an increasingly higher cost of living. Wages and perks were revised every now and again. With each round of wages and perks increase, there would be increased cost of living which in turn lead to demands for more increase in wages and perks.

11. All these would have gone on indefinitely but for the emergence of new industrial countries in the East. Japan, followed by Korea and then China industrialised and their low-cost high quality products pushed practically all the manufactured goods of the West off the shelf.

12. Threatened with the possibility of lower standard of living they created a financial market. Non-tangible products were invented for them to speculate and gamble. And they or at least the moneyed people and the game-theory experts made considerable amounts of money. With this no more capital was invested in the real business of producing goods and supplying services.

13. Then, they became very greedy. They started creating money to finance their gambling. To cut a long story short, the bubble burst. They lost all their money. Unable to go back to doing real business, to producing goods and supplying services, they began to fiddle with the monetary and banking systems.

14. They succeeded with Iceland and Ireland. But Greece proves intractable. This country enjoyed high life on borrowed money. Less work, more pay and more social benefits ate into Government revenue. Unwilling to face the wrath of the people the Government borrowed to finance the national budget. Unable to pay or service debts the lenders refused to give any more loans.

15. Actually the country became bankrupt. There is no way for the country to become solvent again. Its bankruptcy would in turn bankrupt European banks. This would be disastrous for Europe.

16. Basically the countries of Europe have failed. Their claim to be the showpiece of capitalism and democracy becomes hollow after they are forced to look at socialist undemocratic China for help.

17. But all efforts will fail unless they admit that they, like the developing countries, are poor. Poor people must live like poor people. Their bonuses, share options, perks, high pay and less work creed etc must be given up. The gambling in the financial market must also be stopped.

18. They have to go back to working, to producing goods and supplying service with lowered wages. They must sell off most of their assets (Greece is trying to do this now). But industrial discipline would be needed for foreign investors to buy the assets and run them.

19. Printing money and writing cheques will not help. They must cease to be in denial. They must admit they have failed, their creed and their systems have failed.

20. Many developing countries have failed. But many European countries including the United States of America have also failed.
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